Research progress on proactive healthy lifestyle and disease immunoprevention / 中华预防医学杂志

The paradox of increasing health needs and limited health resources prompted a change in the traditional concept of disease prevention and control, and the concept of proactive health has emerged. Proactive health aimed to prevent and control disease and improve the body's immunity by using controlled methods and means to activate the body's self-healing ability and to identify foreign harmful substances as well as damage factors and tumor cells that the body itself may produce while giving full play to individual initiative. With the continuous development of science, people could maintain and improve their immune system from many aspects, which could be roughly divided into nonpharmaceutical interventions and pharmaceutical interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions included changing lifestyles and habits, adjusting the nutritional structure and intake of food, regulating mindsets and emotions, and improving the living and working environment, etc. This review systematically elaborated on the functions and molecular mechanisms of nutrition, exercise, sleep, and emotion in regulating immunity, to provide some scientific evidence and theoretical support for proactive health.

Progress in application of adult endogenous neurogenesis in brain injury repair / 生理学报

Persistent neurogenesis exists in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain. Adult endogenous neurogenesis not only plays an important role in the normal brain function, but also has important significance in the repair and treatment of brain injury or brain diseases. This article reviews the process of adult endogenous neurogenesis and its application in the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or ischemic stroke, and discusses the strategies of activating adult endogenous neurogenesis to repair brain injury and its practical significance in promoting functional recovery after brain injury.

Research progress on muscle spindle morphology / 生理学报

Muscle spindle is the key proprioceptor in skeletal muscles and plays important roles in many physiological activities, such as maintaining posture, regulating movement and controlling speed variation. It has significant clinical relevance and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of motor functional impairment and metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized muscle spindle distribution and the mechanism of mechanical signal transmission, and reviewed the research progress on morphological and structural characteristics of muscle spindles.

Research progress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of coal miners / 中国职业医学

Coal miners are a high-risk occupational group of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs). This disease not only causes a reduction in the quality of life of workers, loss work ability, and decline in work efficiency, but also becomes an important factor leading to increase social medical burden. At present, most of the evaluation of WMSDs of coal miners at home and abroad adopts the international general scale. Chinese scholars have developed a WMSDs questionnaire that meets the occupational characteristics of Chinese population based on the international general scale—the Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and is a reliable and effective tool for evaluating WMSDs. The prevalence of WMSDs in coal miners is relatively high. The occupational factors that affect WMSDs in coal miners are mainly physical load, postural load, mental load, work organization, and work environment. The individual factors are mainly age, working experience, and education level. It′s recommended to prevent and control the occurrence of coal miners′ WMSDs through multi-level intervention measures such as strengthening education, changing the working posture, and improving the working conditions of coal miners, and rationally arranging labor organizations.

Detection and evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid contamination in corona virus disease 19 ward surroundings and the surface of medical staff's protective equipment / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the environmental contamination degree of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wards, to offer gui-dance for the infection control and to improve safety practices for medical staff, by sampling and detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid from the air of hospital wards, the high-frequency contact surfaces in the contaminated area and the surfaces of medical staff's protective equipment in a COVID-19 designated hospital in Wuhan, China.@*METHODS@#From March 11 to March 19, 2020, we collected air samples from the clean area, the buffer room and the contaminated area respectively in the COVID-19 wards using a portable bioaerosol concentrator WA-15. And sterile premoistened swabs were used to sample the high-frequency contacted surfaces in the contaminated area and the surfaces of medical staff's protective equipment including outermost gloves, tracheotomy operator's positive pressure respiratory protective hood and isolation clothing. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid of the samples were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. During the isolation medical observation period, those medical staff who worked in the COVID-19 wards were detected for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid with oropharyngeal swabs, IgM and IgG antibody in the sera, and chest CT scans to confirm the infection status of COVID-19.@*RESULTS@#No SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected in the tested samples, including the 90 air samples from the COVID-19 wards including clean area, buffer room and contaminated area, the 38 high-frequency contact surfaces samples of the contaminated area and 16 surface samples of medical staff's protective equipment including outermost gloves and isolation clothing. Moreover, detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by oropharyngeal swabs and IgM, IgG antibodies in the sera of all the health-care workers who participated in the treatment for COVID-19 were all negative. Besides, no chest CT scan images of medical staff exhibited COVID-19 lung presentations.@*CONCLUSION@#Good ventilation conditions, strict disinfection of environmental facilities in hospital wards, guidance for correct habits in patients, and strict hand hygiene during medical staff are important to reduce the formation of viral aerosols, cut down the aerosol load, and avoid cross-infection in isolation wards. In the face of infectious diseases that were not fully mastered but ma-naged as class A, it is safe for medical personnel to be equipped at a high level.

Evaluation of Residual Stepping Ability in Monkeys with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the residual stepping ability in monkeys with spinal cord injury longitudinally. Methods:Four adult female monkeys were studied. Right hemisection of 10 mm spinal cord tissue was performed at the T7-9 segment. Gait tests of bipedal locomotion were performed before, and six weeks and twelve weeks after injury by VICON system. Gait cycle duration, amplitude of knee and ankle angles, and ratio of united parameters were obtained from successive stepping and were quantitative analyzed. Results:The coordination of bilateral hindlimbs was destroyed after spinal cord injury, and the right hindlimb showed obviously dragging. The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the amplitudes of knee and ankle angle significantly increased (P < 0.001) after spinal cord injury. The ratio of united parameters was not statistically different among all the time points (P > 0.05). The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb was correlated with step length (r = 0.838, P = 0.001), step height (r = 0.726, P = 0.007) and amplitude of ankle angle (r = 0.766, P = 0.004), and the amplitude of ankle angle was correlated with step length (r = 0.627, P = 0.029). Conclusion:The gait pattern of monkey with spinal cord injury has been changed. The gait strategy of the uninjured side was adjusted compensatively after spinal cord injury to adapt the functional impairment of contralateral hindlimb.

Cone-beam computed tomography digital for measuring the inclination angle to the long axis of healthy maxillary anterior teeth and morphologically characterizing their labial bone plates / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#We aim to determine the thickness of the labial plate, the distance between the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar crest, and the inclination angle of the long axis of healthy maxillary anterior teeth by using cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT).@*METHODS@#A total of 345 CBCT volumes obtained by Newtom VGI® CBCT were analyzed by using the NNT software. The digital measurements of the labial bone plate thickness at level 4 mm below the CEJ, the midpoint of tooth root and the radiological tooth apex, the distance between the CEJ and alveolar crest, and the angle between the long axis of the teeth and the long axis of alveolar process were obtained from the mid-sagittal planes of maxillary incisors and canines. Plate thickness 4 mm below the CEJ was measured, and values below ≥1 mm were recorded.@*RESULTS@#In the central incisor, 1) the angle between the long axis of the teeth and alveolar bone was 15.2°±6.2°, the distance between the CEJ and alveolar crest was (1.5±1.0) mm, labial bone plate thick-ness at 4 mm below the CEJ was (0.8±0.4) mm, the midpoint of tooth root was (0.6±0.4) mm, and the radiological tooth apex was (1.3±0.7) mm; in the lateral incisor, 16.2°±8.8°, (1.6±1.0) mm, (0.7±0.5) mm, (0.4±0.6) mm, and (1.1±0.7) mm, respectively; and in the canine, 19.0°±6.2°, (1.8±1.0) mm, (0.9±0.6) mm, (0.4±0.6) mm, and (1.2±0.7) mm, respectively. 2) The frequencies of plate thickness ≥1 mm were 28.3%, 25.8%, and 42.7% in the central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine, respectively. 3) The distance between the CEJ and alveolar crest was positively correlated with age. The correlation coefficients was 0.42 (P<0.01) in the central incisor, 0.50 (P<0.01) in the lateral incisor, and 0.62 (P<0.01) in the canine.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The thickness of labial bone plate is thin, the distance from CEJ to alveolar crest increases with age, and the long axis of the teeth is more inclined than the long axis of alveolar process. Knowledge of these special morphological characteristics can improve the safety and result for many dental procedures.

High-proportion differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and formation of neural networks induced by active biomaterial scaffolds in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Either good biocompatibility and biological activity of active biological materials or the potential of multidirectional differentiation of neural stem cells has great application prospect and value. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan active biomaterial scaffolds on the differentiation of neural stem cells and the expression of key proteins of the neurotrophic factor 3 signal pathway in vitro. METHODS: The neural stem cells were extracted and purified, and then divided into pure culture medium group, soluble neurotrophic factor 3 group, pure chitosan group, and neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group for differentiation induction. The expression of TrkC, Akt / p-Akt and Erk/p-Erk in the neurotrophic factor 3 signaling pathway was detected by western blot after 6 hours of induction. After 7 days of induction, differentiation of neural stem cells was observed by immunocytochemistry of MAP2, MBP, and GFAP. After 14 days of induction, formation of neural network induced by neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan active biomaterials was observed by immunocytochemistry of MAP2, Synapsin-1, and PSD95. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group induced a high proportion of neural stem cells differentiated into neurons, with a ratio of 73.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the other three groups. Meanwhile, the proportion of cells differentiated into glial cells waslower than that in the other three groups. The expression of key proteins TrkC, p-Akt and p-Erk in the neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan group was higher than that in the other three groups. Meanwhile, neurotrophic factor 3-chitosan could induce the in vitro differentiation of neural stem cells to form neural network.

Electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal postnatal early development mediated by AMPA receptors in rats / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal postnatal early development mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into postnatal 0.5-, 1-, 2- and 3-month groups (n = 12). Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) mediated by AMPA receptors were recorded to evaluate the changes in the intrinsic membrane properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by using patch-clamp and MED64 planar microelectrode array technique respectively. The results showed that, during the period of postnatal 0.5-3 months, some of the intrinsic membrane properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, such as the membrane capacitance (Cm) and the resting membrane potential (RMP), showed no significant changes, while the membrane input resistance (Rin) and the time constant (τ) of the cells were decreased significantly. The amplitude, frequency and kinetics (both rise and decay times) of sEPSCs were significantly increased during the period of postnatal 0.5-1 month, but they were all decreased during the period of postnatal 1-3 months. In addition, the range of evoked fEPSPs in hippocamal CA1 region was significantly expanded, but the fEPSP amplitudes were decreased significantly during the period of postnatal 0.5-3 months. Furthermore, the evoked fEPSPs could be significantly inhibited by extracellular application of the AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). These results suggest that AMPA receptor may act as a major type of excitatory receptor to regulate synaptic transmission and connections during the early stage of hippocampal postnatal development, which promotes the development and functional maturation of hippocampus in rats.

Impairment of Weight Support of Lower Limbs after Spinal Cord Hemisection in Rhesus Monkeys / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the influence of spinal cord injury on lower limbs weight support capacity,and the changes with time. Methods Six adult female rhesus monkeys with thoracic(T7-9)right spinal cord hemi-section were measured the plantar pressure ratio of both lower limbs with Foot-Scan system before,and six and twelve weeks after operation. Results There was no statistical difference between both sides of limbs before operation(Z=-1.330,P>0.05),while the plantar pressure ratio was more on the left limbs six and twelve weeks after operation(Z>4.783,P<0.001).The plantar pressure ratio of right lower limb became less and less during observation(Z=3.191,P<0.001). Conclusion The weight support capacity of affected limbs is injured after spinal cord hemi-section in monkeys, and would become worse without intervention.

Life-threatening Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage: Role of Multidetector CT-angiography for the Emergency Management / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography-angiography (MDCTA) for management of life-threatening spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage (SRH).Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical records of all SRH patients admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2005 to November 31, 2014 was performed. SRH was defined as unrelated to invasive procedures, surgery, trauma, abdominal tumor or aortic aneurysm. Life-threatening SRH was defined as hemodynamic instability with hypotension. Sixteen cases met the inclusive criteria. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging of MDCTA, treatment modalities, morbidity, and follow-up data were analyzed.Results The group of 16 patients included 11 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 51.5±16.4 years. All patients underwent MDCTA scan examinations, and active contrast media (CM) extravasation were found in 9 patients. Angiography was performed for 8 patients in the CM extravasation group. Bleeding vessels were found in 7 patients who underwent successful embolization. One patient in the CM extravasation group did not undergo angiography and died of bleeding. Seven patients without active CM extravasation underwent conservative management. Bleeding was controlled for all these 7 patients, and 1 patient died of multiple organ failure. Fourteen patients survived from SRH were successfully discharged. One patient died of heart failure during follow-up.Conclusion MDCTA was useful in the diagnosis of SRH and proved to be predictive for the outcome of conservative treatment and early intervention.

Computed Tomography Signs for Active Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To summarize the positive signs on multi-detector CT angiography (CTA) for active severe gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records and CT images of 93 patients with active severe GIB confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA),endoscopy or surgery. The positive CT signs indicating the locations and causes of the bleeding were recorded. Results Intraluminal extravasation of contrast material was identified in 44 cases (47.3%),vascular malformation was found in 22 cases (23.7%),gastrointestinal tumor was detected in 18 cases (19.4%),focal or segmental abnormal bowel mucosal enhancement was present in 7 cases (7.5%),and diverticulum with abnormal enhancement was found in 2 cases (2.2%). Conclusion Positive signs for active severe GIB on CT are diverse and thus should be carefully interpreted in clinical setting.

Placement of a Long Intestinal Tube in Patients with Early Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction under Fluoroscopic Guidance / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the placement of a long tube into the small intestine under fluoroscopic guidance and to evaluate its decompression effect on early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four patients with EPSBO requiring decompression between April 2010 and July 2014 were enrolled in the study. Insertion of a long tube was guided by fluoroscopy. We first used the guide wire to pass the pylorus and then used the 10 Fr feeding tube as an exchangeable tube to put the superstiff wire into the duodenum. Finally the long tube could be passed over the guide wire through the pylorus into the intestine. The total procedure time, the radiation exposure time, and the incidence of complications were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The long tubes passed into the jejunum on initial insertion for all patients, so the success rate of this technique was 100%. The long tube was inserted into ileum in 18 patients. The mean total procedure time was 34.4 ± 8.6 minutes, and the mean radiation exposure time 18.9 ± 6.8 minutes. A total of 47 patients (87%) experienced full recovery following long-tube decompression and without the need for surgical intervention.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using the wire-exchange technique, it is easy to place a long tube into the small bowel under fluoroscopic guidance. This decompression method is safe and effective for management of EPSBO.</p>

F Wave Study in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Assessment of Segmental Motoneuronal Dysfunction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dysfunctional spinal circuit may play a role in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The purpose of this study was to use F waves for assessment of segmental motoneuronal excitability following upper motor neuron (UMN) dysfunctions in ALS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the F waves of 152 ulnar nerves recorded from abductor digiti minimi in 82 patients with ALS. Two groups of hands were defined based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the same upper limb. The group with pyramidal signs in the upper limbs was designated as the P group, and the group without pyramidal signs in the upper limbs was designated as the NP group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean (P < 0.001), median (P < 0.001) and maximum (P = 0.035) F wave amplitudes, mean (P < 0.001), median (P < 0.001) and maximum (P = 0.003) F/M amplitude ratio, index repeating neuron (P < 0.001) and index repeater F waves (P < 0.001) of the P group were significantly increased compared with the NP group. No significant differences were identified for F wave chronodispersion (P = 0.628), mean F wave latency (P = 0.151), minimum F wave latency (P = 0.211), maximum F wave latency (P = 0.199), F wave persistence (P = 0.738), F wave duration (P = 0.152), F wave conduction velocity (P = 0.813) and number of giant F waves (P = 0.072) between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this study, increased F wave amplitude, F/M amplitude ratio and number of repeater F waves reflected enhanced segmental motoneuronal excitability following UMN dysfunctions in ALS.</p>

Shikonin Promotes Skin Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Translocation via Proteasome Inhibition In Vitro / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Shikonin is a major active chemical component extracted from Lithospermi Radix, an effective traditional herb in various types of wound healing. Shikonin can accelerate granulomatous tissue formation by the rat cotton pellet method and induce neovascularization in granulomatous tissue. The purpose of the study was to investigate its mechanism of action in human skin cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTS assay was used to measure cell growth. The collagen type I (COL1 ) mRNA expression and procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) production were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were carried out to investigate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Cell-based proteasome activity assay was used to determine proteasome activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, we found that 10 μmol/L shikonin stimulated the growth of normal human keratinocytes and 1 μmol/L shikonin promoted growth of human dermal fibroblasts. However, shikonin did not directly induce COL1 mRNA expression and PIP production in dermal fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, 1 μmol/L shikonin inhibited translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus induced by tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation in dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, shikonin inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome and was associated with accumulation of phosphorylated inhibitor κB-α in dermal fibroblasts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results suggested that shikonin may promote wound healing via its cell growth promoting activity and suppress skin inflammation via inhibitory activity on proteasome. Thus, shikonin may be a potential therapeutic reagent both in wound healing and inflammatory skin diseases.</p>

Behavioral Symptoms in Motor Neuron Disease and Their Negative Impact on Caregiver Burden / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The spectrum of abnormal behaviors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) has been described, but its practical meaning, namely its impact on caregiver burden, has not been clearly documented in Chinese population. This study aimed to assess the distribution of abnormal behaviors in Chinese population, and to analyze the relationship between behavior changes and caregiver burden.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-five patients with ALS/MND have been consecutively enrolled into registry platform of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. An investigation was performed to these patients and their caregivers using the revised ALS function rating scale, Frontal Behavioral Inventory-ALS version, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Caregiver Burden Inventory.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-eight (43.1%) patients displayed abnormal behaviors of varying degrees, with one fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of frontotemporal lobe degeneration. Irritability, logopenia, and inflexibility ranked top 3 of abnormal behavior list. Correlation analysis revealed that the degree of behavioral change and frontal cognitive status were significantly associated with caregiver burden, with more extensive impact from disinhibitive behaviors. Analysis of covariance analysis showed that after associated factors were corrected, caregivers of patients with moderate to severe behavior change reported significantly heavier developmental burden, physical burden, and total burden than those with no behavioral change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neurobehavioral symptoms could present in around 40% of Chinese patients with ALS/MND, and the distribution of these behaviors was also unique. Besides, abnormal behaviors were highly related to caregivers' burden.</p>

Three-dimensional Hindlimb Gait Data Toolkit for Healthy and Spinal Cord Injured Rhesus Monkey / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To establish a three- dimensional hindlimb gait data toolkit (THGT) for healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) non-human primate (rhesus monkey) based on Matlab to realize upload of original data, automatic gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters, etc. Methods Vicon system was used to collect three-dimensional hindlimb gait data of healthy and SCI (after 6 weeks) rhesus monkey to obtain the kinematics data of both hindlimbs in continuous strides. It was analyzed with THGT to process the gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters. Results THGT read the data, distinguished cycles of gait, calculated 140 kinds of gait parameters and drew graphs of the results. Conclusion THGT extends the universality of the Vicon data, realizes automatically gait division and friendly interactive interface, and puts out the visible results.

Role of multi-slice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysms / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of multi-slice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in the diagnosis of visceral artery aneurysms (VAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The imaging data of 123 VAA patients who received abdominal contrasted CT and MSCTA on the PACS workstation in our department from May 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the findings of comprehensive evaluation and using vessels as the analytic unit, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of enhanced axial images and post-processing images in detect the VAA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 172 VAAs were found in these 123 patients by the comprehensive evaluation, among which 107 were diagnosed by MSCTA.The results included 91 splenic artery aneurysms, 16 renal artery aneurysms, 8 multi-visceral artery aneurysms, 2 gastric artery aneurysms, 2 superior mesenteric artery aneurysms, 1 celiac trunk aneurysm, 1 gastroduodenal artery aneurysm, 1 pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, and 1 hepatic artery aneurysm. The sensitivity and specificity of MSCTA in diagnosing TAA was 100% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With different reconstruction methods, MSCTA can accurately and clearly display the location, shape, extent, aneurysmal wall, parent artery, and relationship with the adjacent vessels of VAAs.</p>

Value of enhanced computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the computed tomography (CT) findings of adrenal hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CT findings of 9 patients with pathologically proved adrenal hemangioma from June 2008 to March 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the tumors were located unilaterally, with 4 in the left and 5 in the right. The tumors were 1.5-8.4 cm in size with complete capsule and well-defined contour. Among these nine tumors, six were round or ovoid, while the other three had irregular shapes. Plain scan showed mixed density in 8 and cystic change in 1. After contrast enhancement, six tumors manifested with inhomogeneous enhancement and the other three without enhancement. For three cases who underwent multi-phase enhanced CT scans, irregular enhancement at the periphery of the masses were showed in artery phase, and centripetal filling with contrast medium to the center of masses were showed in the portal and delayed phases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland. CT findings are diverse, and the preoperative misdiagnosing rate can be high. Multi-phase enhanced CT scan may show characteristic features of adrenal hemangioma and help achieve correct preoperative diagnosis.</p>

Transarterial embolization for acute massive hemorrhage in patients with duodenal ulcer / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of transarterial embolization for management of acute massive hemorrhage in patients with duodenal ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients with duodenal ulcer underwent transarterial embolization for acute massive hemorrhage in our hospital between January 2007 and December 2012. Embolic agents were coils and gelatin sponge. The clinical data and embolization procedures of these patients were retrospective analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bleeding was controlled in 20 of 23 patients after the first embolization procedures. In the other 3 patients with rebleeding, one patient was successfully managed by repeat embolization and two patient underwent surgical treatment. The overall clinical success rate for acute hemorrhage after transarterial embolization was 91% (21/23). No severe complication occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transarterial embolization is safe and effective for acute massive hemorrhage in patients with duodenal ulcer.</p>